尼日利亚央行已推出其监管沙箱，邀请参与者在监管监督下测试创新金融解决方案。此举旨在提高尼日利亚金融部门的可及性、效率和风险管理。

SAND

LIVE

尼日利亚央行(CBN)的监管沙盒已上线，银行已宣布。

*“因此，我们邀请金融系统中的参与者提交参与监管沙箱的意向书，以代表我们的客户和利益相关者探索技术和创新的创新应用，”* 央行在一条推文中表示。

根据央行，监管沙箱是一个正式的过程，供企业在受监管的环境中进行新产品、服务、交付渠道或商业模式的现场测试。

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)央行的沙盒旨在促进创新，提高金融可及性，并保护消费者，同时为支付领域的金融科技公司提供沟通渠道。

The Sandbox申请过程对现有央行许可证持有者(金融机构与金融科技倡议)以及其他非监管科技公司开放，后者旨在测试央行认为可接受的创新金融解决方案、产品或服务。

然而，银行更关注法律未覆盖的新技术应用。

*“由央行认为可接受的创新金融服务/产品，以及使用新兴技术提出的非监管金融产品和服务的测试，即，提出的解决方案涉及目前不在现有央行法规范围内的技术的创新者。测试仅限于支付产品和服务。”*

接受的标准包括是一个具有明确潜力的创新产品或服务，能够：

1. 改善金融服务的可及性、客户选择、效率、安全性和质量；或
2. 提高尼日利亚金融机构管理风险的效率和有效性；或者
3. 弥补尼日利亚经济中财务利益或投资的空白，或开启新的机会

申请人应提交申请表及所有完整信息和相关细节。在提交申请之前，申请人可以通过发送邮件至 s[email protected] 寻求关于沙盒的澄清。

央行的沙盒于2021年启动，发布了监管沙盒运营框架。

The Central Bank of Nigeria has launched its regulatory sandbox, inviting participants to test innovative financial solutions under regulatory oversight. This initiative aims to enhance accessibility, efficiency, and risk management in Nigeria's financial sector.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) regulatory sandbox has gone live, the bank has announced.

*“As such, we invite participants in the financial system to submit Expressions of Interest to participate in the Regulatory Sandbox to explore novel applications of technology and innovation on behalf of our customers and stakeholders,”* the bank said in a tweet thread.

According to CBN, the Regulatory Sandbox is a formal process for firms to conduct live tests of new, innovative products, services, delivery channels, or business models in a controlled environment with regulatory oversight.

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)The CBN’s Sandbox aims to boost innovation, increase financial accessibility, and protect consumers, all while offering a means of communication with fintech firms in the payments sector.

The Sandbox application process is open to both existing CBN licensees (financial institutions with fintech initiatives) and other non-regulated technology companies intending to test innovative financial solutions, products, or services deemed acceptable by the CBN.

However, the bank is more concerned with applications of novel technologies not covered by law.

*“Innovative financial service/products deemed acceptable by the CBN and tests proposing non-regulated financial products and services using emerging technologies, i.e., Innovators whose proposed solution involves technologies which are currently not covered under existing CBN regulations. Tests are limited to payment products and services.”*

Among the criteria for acceptance include being an innovative product or service with clear potential to:

1. Improve accessibility, customer choices, efficiency, security and quality in the provision of financial services; or
2. Enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of Nigerian financial institutions management of risks; or
3. Address gaps in or open up new opportunities for financial benefits or investments in the Nigerian economy

The applicant should submit an application form along with all complete information and relevant details. Prior to submitting an application, the applicant can seek clarification regarding the sandbox by writing a mail to s[email protected]

The CBN’s sandbox was initiated in 2021 with the publication of the Framework for Regulatory Sandbox Operations.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Regulatory Sandbox Goes Live

尼日利亚央行 (CBN) 监管沙盒上线

AjoMoney 是一家尼日利亚初创公司，通过移动应用程序增强社区基础的储蓄计划，为组员提供零利息的小额信贷。该平台拥有超过 12,000 名用户，旨在缓解财务压力并扩展到卢旺达。

尼日利亚初创公司AjoMoney旨在为非洲人常见的社区贡献计划提供额外的金融选择。

在当地的语言中，Ajo指的是一群人聚在一起，定期（每天、每周或每月）存下一定的金额。

在这个计划中，每个成员轮流获得他们贡献的全部金额。这在小组成员之间进行，直到周期轮换完成，然后重新开始。

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)AjoMoney主要是一个信用平台，选择通过利用基于社区的连接和草根推荐来解决与信用获取相关的问题。

AjoMoney的概念在非洲大陆广受欢迎。非洲一些常见的非正式储蓄联合会包括：

* 肯尼亚 – 资金池 – 东非
* Stokvel – 南部非洲
* 苏苏斯 / 埃苏苏斯 – 西非

AjoMoney 提供了一款应用程序，这些团体可以用来管理他们的储蓄和财务。然而，该应用程序主要为这些储蓄团体的成员提供了获取微型信贷的机会，他们可以将其用于他们的业务。

其中一位初创公司的创始人伊布拉欣·阿德波朱解释了该应用如何在储蓄小组成员之间促进零利息信贷：


> 当现代社区和品牌提倡储蓄和投资时，AjoMoney认为您不必储蓄六到十二个月来实现您的目标，因为您可以储蓄三个月，通过社区融资获得零利息贷款，并继续储蓄以偿还。通过这种方式，人们将取得很大成就，避开非洲快速通货膨胀带来的挑战。
> 
> 
> – Ajomoney
> 
> 

根据Adepoju的说法，这家初创公司已经获得了超过12,000名用户，并实现了750,000美元的总交易价值(GTV)，其中80%是通过自然增长获得的。

这家初创公司在2022年4月进行了种子融资，通过佣金和订阅费用赚钱。

AjoMoney正致力于扩展其业务，目前在卢旺达处于隐身模式，并正在获取在该国运营的许可证，已经成功注册。

AjoMoney is a Nigerian startup enhancing community-based saving schemes with a mobile app that provides access to zero-interest micro-credit for group members. With over 12,000 users, the platform aims to ease financial pressures and expand into Rwanda.

Nigerian startup, AjoMoney, is targetting providing additional financial options to community-based contribution schemes that are common among Africans.

Ajo in local parlance involves a group of people coming together to save a certain amount either daily, weekly or monthly.

In the scheme, each member has their turn when they receive the full amount contributed. This goes on amongst group members until the cycle rotation is completed, then restarted.

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)AjoMoney is primarily a credit platform, which chooses to solve problems around access to credit by leveraging on community-based connections and grassroots recommendations.

The concept of AjoMoney is popular across the African continent. Some common informal savings unions in Africa are:

* Kenya – Chamas – East Africa
* Stokvel – Southern Africa
* Susus / Esusus – Western Africa

AjoMoney provides an app that these groups can use to manage their savings and finances. However, the app primarily offers an opportunity for the members of these savings groups to access micro-credit which they can use for their businesses.

One of the startups’ founders, Ibrahim Adepoju, explained how the app facilitates zero-interest credit among savings group members:


> While the modern community and brands promote savings and investment, AjoMoney believes that you do not have to save money for six to 12 months to achieve your target goals, when you can save for three months and get what you need through zero-interest credit via community financing, and continue your savings to pay back. With this, people will achieve a lot and evade the challenges of rapid inflation in Africa
> 
> 
> – Ajomoney
> 
> 

According to Adepoju, the startup has acquired more than 12,000 users and made $750,000 in gross transaction value (GTV), 80% of which was acquired organically.

The startup, which raised a seed round in April 2022, makes money through commissions and subscription fees.

AjoMoney is set on expanding its business and is already in stealth mode in Rwanda and in the process of acquiring licenses to operate in the country after having been successfully incorporated.

Introducing AjoMoney – A Nigerian Community Financing Platform

介绍 AjoMoney – 一个尼日利亚社区融资平台

以太坊的Dencun升级引入了proto-danksharding，改善了可扩展性并降低了交易成本，增强了第二层解决方案，实现了每秒超过100,000笔交易。它使用'blob'进行高效的数据处理，支撑去中心化应用程序。

Proto-Danksharding

以太坊，这个显著的质押证明区块链，正在进行一项重要的升级，称为‘Dencun’，它引入了一个新特性，叫做‘proto-danksharding’。

Dencun升级于2024年1月底在Sepolia测试网上激活，此前已在Goerli测试网上激活。它是以太坊更广泛战略的一部分，旨在提高可扩展性并降低用户的交易成本。

proto-danksharding旨在降低二层区块链的交易成本，并减少数据可用性费用，解决关键的可扩展性障碍。它为最终部署‘danksharding’奠定了基础，旨在进一步扩大这些优势。

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)在全面实施后，Dencun预计将显著提升以太坊的交易处理能力，可能使网络能够管理超过100,000笔交易每秒。此项进展对于以太坊能够容纳不断增长的去中心化应用(dapps)和用户至关重要。

Dencun升级的部署过程涉及在不同的测试网上进行激活，其中Sepolia、Goerli和Holesky测试网已经完成。

Dencun 引入的一项显著技术创新是“blobs”。这些设计旨在通过将交易数据压缩到链外来降低与以太坊主网的 rollup 相关的成本，从而减少存储和处理需求。

Blob暂时存储数据，这些数据仅在短期交易验证中必要，允许其最终删除以防止网络过载。通过加密承诺确保安全高效的数据处理，以检测任何数据更改。

 

### **以太坊展望**

The Dencun upgrade of Ethereum introduces proto-danksharding, improving scalability and reducing transaction costs, enhancing layer-2 solutions, and enabling over 100,000 transactions per second. It uses 'blobs' for efficient data handling, supporting decentralized applications.

Ethereum, the prominent proof-of-stake blockchain, is undergoing a significant upgrade known as ‘Dencun,’ which introduces a new feature called ‘proto-danksharding.’

The Dencun upgrade was activated on the Sepolia testnet at the end of January 2024 following its activation on the Goerli testnet. It constitutes a part of Ethereum’s broader strategy to improve scalability and decrease transaction costs for its users.

Proto-danksharding is designed to lower transaction costs for layer-2 blockchains and diminish data availability expenses, tackling crucial scalability hurdles. It sets the foundation for the eventual deployment of ‘danksharding,’ which seeks to expand these advantages even further.

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)Following full implementation, Dencun is anticipated to substantially augment Ethereum’s transaction processing capacity, potentially enabling the network to manage over 100,000 transactions per second. This advancement is critical for Ethereum’s capability to accommodate a burgeoning ecosystem of decentralized applications (dapps) and users.

The deployment process for the Dencun upgrade involves activations on different testnets, with the Sepolia, Goerli, and Holesky testnets already concluded.

One notable technical innovation introduced by Dencun is ‘blobs.’ These are designed to decrease the cost associated with rollups on the Ethereum mainnet by compressing transaction data off-chain, thereby reducing storage and processing requirements.

Blobs temporarily store data, which is only necessary for short-term transaction verification, allowing for its eventual deletion to prevent network overload. Secure and efficient data handling is ensured through cryptographic commitments that detect any data alterations.

 

### **Ethereum Outlook**

EXPLAINER | The Ethereum Dencun Upgrade, the Latest Effort to Enhance Scalability

解释者 | 以太坊 Dencun 升级，最新的提升可扩展性的努力

2022年困扰加密项目的问题之一是对黑客攻击的脆弱性增加。
截至2022年，Web3世界中因各种骗局和漏洞损失了约34亿美元，2022年共记录了573起攻击，数据来源于区块链安全公司CertiK。
一个加密黑客

加密

黑客

Web3

区块

2022年困扰加密项目的问题之一是对黑客攻击的脆弱性增加。

截至2022年，Web3世界中已损失约34亿美元，涉及各种骗局和漏洞，2022年共记录了573起攻击，数据来源于区块链安全公司CertiK。

加密黑客攻击是指黑客访问加密钱包/平台并窃取加密货币。加密领域常见的黑客攻击包括：

![](http://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)* 钱包黑客攻击
* 桥接攻击，以及
* 交易所黑客攻击

以下是加密行业中价值被盗加密货币的顶级黑客攻击列表，按被盗加密货币的价值排名。

 

### 1.019283746574839201 $624M 浪人黑客

在2022年3月，一名黑客从Ronin网络盗取了价值6.24亿美元的用户资金。

Ronin网络是一个侧链)，是一个更大区块链(的子集，用于支持一个名为Axie Infinity的区块链游戏。黑客成功窃取了私钥以生成虚假提款，从网络中转移了数亿资金。

该黑客攻击直到一周后才被发现。

 

) 2.019283746574839201 $477M FTX 黑客攻击

在现已关闭的加密交易所FTX上，发生了一起漏洞事件，导致2022年11月盗取了4.77亿美元，使其成为2022年发生的最近的加密黑客事件之一。

在2022年11月11日FTX申请破产后不久，FTX的总法律顾问Ryne Miller在推特上表示，他们正在‘调查异常情况。’

2022年11月12日，Ryne Miller的一条推文表示，公司已‘采取预防措施’并将所有数字资产转移到冷钱包，这意味着该加密钱包不再连接到互联网。

关于此次黑客事件发生的原因有很多理论，但大多数报道表明这是一起内部作案。

 

### 3.019283746574839201 $325M 虫洞黑客

在2022年2月，一名黑客瞄准了一个名为Wormhole的跨链桥，这是一个允许在多个链之间转移资金的协议，包括Ethereum )ETH###。

黑客利用协议验证系统的漏洞，欺诈性地生成了大量的包装以太坊)wETH(，这是一种与以太坊货币价值挂钩的代币。

他们随后使用Wormhole将wETH转换为ETH，携带约价值3.25亿美元的加密货币。

 

) 4.019283746574839201 $190M Nomad Bridge 黑客

Nomad Bridge于2022年8月遭到攻击，造成约1.9亿美金的比特币损失。

黑客利用协议中的一个漏洞提取了超过他们存入的资金。与本列表中的其他黑客攻击不同，数百人参与了此事件。

这次攻击可能并不是一次协调的攻击。一旦漏洞消息传出，数百人纷纷涌来利用这一漏洞，每个人都在自主行动。

 

( 5.019283746574839201 $182M BeanStalk Farms 黑客

在2022年4月，一名黑客利用Beanstalk Farms的治理代币$STALK，从基于以太坊的稳定币协议中窃取资金。

如果有人想要将资产转出 Beanstalk Farms，他们需要获得大多数 $STALK 持有者的批准。黑客进行了一个短期贷款)一个极短期的加密贷款###，以购买治理代币的多数股权。

他们随后提议进行大规模资金转移，并使用他们的$STALK代币批准了该提案。据估计，黑客获利约8000万，但此次黑客攻击导致稳定币崩溃，造成总损失1.82亿。

 

) 6.019283746574839201 $160M WinterMute 黑客

在2022年9月，一家名为Wintermute的加密市场做市商在一次重大黑客攻击中损失了1.62亿。

目前尚不清楚攻击是如何进行的，但安全公司建议，重要的私钥要么被泄露，要么通过暴力攻击破解。

在暴力攻击中，黑客使用一种快速的试错方法来猜测正确的密码、PIN或加密密钥。

在黑客攻击后不久，一些加密货币研究人员声称这次攻击可能是内部攻击，但这一说法尚未得到证实。

One of the problems that troubled crypto projects in 2022 was an increased vulnerability to hacks.
So far in 2022, ~$3.4 billion has been lost to various scams and exploits in the Web3 world and a total of 573 attacks recorded in 2022, according to blockchain security company, CertiK.
A crypto hac

One of the problems that troubled crypto projects in 2022 was an increased vulnerability to hacks.

So far in 2022, ~$3.4 billion has been lost to various scams and exploits in the Web3 world and a total of 573 attacks recorded in 2022, according to blockchain security company, CertiK.

A crypto hack involves hackers accessing crypto wallets/platforms and stealing cryptocurrencies. Common hacks in crypto include:

![](https://img-cdn.gateio.im/social/moments-9e92ed6a7ecd856144d0eaf8d5de0ecb)* Wallet hacks
* Bridge attacks, and
* Exchange hacks

Below is a list of the top hacks in the crypto industry, ranked in order of value of crypto stolen.

 

### 1.) $624M Ronin Hack

In March 2022, a hacker stole user funds worth $624 million from the Ronin Network.

The Ronin Network is a side chain (a subset of a larger blockchain) used to support a blockchain-based game called Axie Infinity. The hacker managed to steal private keys to generate fake withdrawals, transferring hundreds of millions from the network.

The hack was not uncovered until a week later.

 

### 2.) $477M FTX Hack

An exploit on the now defunct crypto exchange, FTX, saw $477 million stolen in November 2022, making this one of the most recent crypto hacks to occur in 2022.

Moments after FTX filed for bankruptcy on November 11t 2022, Ryne Miller, General Counsel at FTX, tweeted that they were ‘investigating abnormalities.’

On November 12 2022, a tweet from Ryne Miller said the company had ‘initiated precautionary steps’ and moved all its digital assets to cold storage, meaning the crypto wallet is no longer connected to the internet.

There are numerous theories on how the hack happened but most reports suggest it was an inside job.

 

### 3.) $325M Wormhole Hack

In February 2022, a hacker targeted a cross-chain bridge known as Wormhole, a protocol that allows for the transfer of funds between multiple chains, including Ethereum (ETH).

The hacker took advantage of weaknesses in the protocol’s validation system to fraudulently generate a large quantity of wrapped Ethereum (wETH), a token with a value tied to the Ethereum coin.

They then used the Wormhole to convert the wETH into ETH, making off with cryptocurrency valued around $325 million.

 

### 4.) $190M Nomad Bridge Hack

The Nomad Bridge was attacked in August 2022 resulting in losses of approximately $190 million in Bitcoin.

Hackers exploited a bug in the protocol to withdraw more funds than they had deposited. Unlike other hacks on this list, hundreds of individuals took part in this incident.

This attack may not have been a coordinated one. Once news of the exploit got out, hundreds of people rushed to take advantage of it, each acting on their own initiative.

 

### 5.) $182M BeanStalk Farms Hack

In April 2022, a hacker took advantage of Beanstalk Farms’ governance token, $STALK, to steal funds from the Ethereum-based stablecoin protocol.

If someone wanted to transfer assets out of Beanstalk Farms, they would need approval from a majority of $STALK holders. The hacker took out a flash loan (an extremely short-term crypto loan) to buy a majority position in the governance token.

They then proposed a massive transfer of funds and used their $STALK tokens to approve the proposal. It’s estimated that the hacker profited by around $80 million, but the hack caused the stablecoin to crash, resulting in total losses of $182 million.

 

### 6.) $160M WinterMute Hack

In September 2022, a crypto market maker called Wintermute lost $162 million in a major hack.

It’s not clear yet how the attack was carried out, but security firms have suggested that essential private keys were either leaked or cracked using a brute-force attack.

In a brute force attack, a hacker uses a rapid trial and error approach to guess the correct password, PIN, or encryption keys.

Shortly after the hack, some crypto researchers claimed that the hack may have been an insider attack, but this has not been confirmed.

BitKE

尼日利亚央行 (CBN) 监管沙盒上线

介绍 AjoMoney – 一个尼日利亚社区融资平台

解释者 | 以太坊 Dencun 升级，最新的提升可扩展性的努力

黑客造成混乱 - 2022 年 6 大加密货币黑客事件